 Vertical or duct flutes have existed for more then 3000 years among Asian, African and First Nations/North American peoples. They are essentially "end blown" instruments. When you blow into the opening, the airstream is directed by a small, wooden insert called a "duct", which is attached inside the tube just below the blowhole. Usually, they have open holes for your fingers rather than key mechanisms.
These enduring, ancient instruments include the Chinese hsiao , the Slovakian kaval , the Greek darvyra , the Syrian nay , European recorders and courting flutes of the Sioux and other western Native American nations. The Japanese shakuhachi, a bamboo duct flute of around 54 cm in length, is a meditative instrument. Its goal is that of Zen philosophy - you play as part of a process of obtaining enlightenment, each breath you inhale and note you create offering the potential of a richer spiritual life.
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